the University of Stockholm would initiate his studies on the
harassment labor or, as it would denominate it to Leyman, psicoterror
in the companies, has been written much on this phenomenon. The origins
of the same it comes from the etiologic studies of Konrad Lorenz that
more hard described the attack of a coalition of weak members of a
species against an individual than they. The word mobbing derives from
the English verb “to mob” (to attack with violence).
Whatever it has seen the Up films in the air, with George Clooney or
Estupor and tremors, cradle in the novel of Amélie Nothomb, will have
been able to do good an idea defined of what we are talking about. He
is very arduous to dismiss workers and he is very hard to be victim of
harassment in the labor context. But both things are related.
If in 2000 13 million workers affected by mobbing were entered, in
Finland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium,
Portugal, Italy and Spain like victims of mobbing (750,000 workers in
Spain, a 5%), that is to say, a 9% of employees of the consulted
countries, million more than in 1995, for 2012, in Spain, we have an
increase of 20% on these numbers, according to Alfonso Rodriguez, one
of the psychologists of the cabinet of the Federation of Services
Public of union UGT (FSP-UGT). To this it is necessary to add that many
of the victims are silent by fear to continue being put under by their
companions or who the thing arrives at ears of the superiors.
It is evident that the economic crisis that it affects so much to
companies deprived as to public and the cut of groups that brings
prepared they have much to do with the increase of cases of mobbing.
But also there are other causes as it can be the own organization of
the company - whatever more hierarchized is this one, or worse she is
the organization of the same, greater is the number of cases of
mobbing-. Also it is necessary to aim that it is in the Public
Administration (health and education) the sectors in which more cases
of harassment are detected labor.
But the important thing of this phenomenon is that it does not occur
by a mere “whim” but because a concrete result looks for: the
autoexclusión of the affected one, normally to obtain some class of
presells or benefit. “It is the fraudulent acquisition, on the part of
the pursuer, of this last aim (through harassment) [of the disrepute of
the victim, his paralyzation and getting rid of her] the one that will
determine if mobbing has been or nonbeneficial for the pursuer.”
The phases of the psicoterror are the following:
1. seduction directed to the victim
2. conflict
3. harassment moral proper
4. complicity of the surroundings
5. action of the company
6. marginalization
7. recovery
A predetermined profile of the victim of mobbing does not exist
although in its majority they are women, since the harassment sexual
constitutes a route to happen by means of blackmail to the harassment
moral.
The pursuer however yes can easily be identified through verbal and
nonverbal language. According to Navy Parés Soliva, “to be able to
unmask to the pursuer by means of the tests who he himself facilitates,
that is to say his own words to us, he can get to prevent that the
designated worker as victim is excluído of the labor world. Therefore,
to detect to the main pursuer besides providing the elements to us
necessary to do against the violence also will be to us helpful in the
protection of the victim. ”, and it does through the word and of the
acts: “Concerning the conduct we found as much communication nonverbal
as acts of noncommunication. We understand like communication not-
verbal the exaggerated sighs, shrinking of shoulders, the glances of
scorn. And like acts of noncommunication: to ignore a greeting, not to
respond to a question, to act as if certain person was not present, to
give to the back… [it] the pursuer attributes or `acusa' to the victim
of its own intentions as if it was a mirror and it attributes, to the
victim yet, its own errors and their own fears.” The knowledge of these
keys (“the use of the rumorología, the hipercriticismo and autodefinir
themselves like standardbearing of one `noble causa' that justifies the
arbitrary use of the violence” allows) us to be less vulnerable to the
manipulation of the pursuer and it will facilitate differentiating to
the pursuer of the victim, distinguishing between the instigador of the
harassment and its dumb allies or “witnesses”, who in last instance
also have been manipulated, and adjusting a toxic labor atmosphere.
Other “measures” that are taken to destroy the victim are to ningunear
it, to attribute failures to him who has not committed, to employ more
to him to realise in a minimum of time, not to employ, to give him
traeas to him routine or useless or inadequate for his qualification,
to seat it in a separated, invisible site to the public soon to accuse
that it does not participate to him, not to pass to him the calls
telephone, etc. “to East it used it method with great Stalin success to
remove from encyclopedias uncomfortable the historical personages to
his theories.”
In any case the consequences for the victim are, stress, the insomnia,
the low self-esteem, the depression, the feeling of fault (“something I
must have done badly…”), the alcoholism, the isolation, and in last
instance, the suicide.
From 2010, with the increase of the standardisation of crimes picked
up in Statutory law 5/2010, of 22 of June that substantially reforms
the Penal Code that was effective in Spain from 1995, the harassment
moral or mobbing in Spain “is typified like crime (Art. 173,1) when in
the scope of any labor relation and prevaliendo itself of their
relation of superiority, humiliating or hostile acts without getting
take place of repeated form to constitute degrading treatment. It will
be prison sentence of six months to three years or fines of 12 24
months, according to the gravity of coercion or the average employees. Until now in the work only it
constituted crime the harassment sexual.”
Panic Away Review
